when was smenkhkare born

1940s. Thus, the use of similar titularly led to a great deal of confusion among Egyptologists. To understand more about Tutankhamun and to possibly deduce who his father was, one must first understand the so-called “Amarna Period.” The Amarna Period generally refers to the period from the end of Amunhotep III’s rule (reigned ca. The jar may simply be a case of one king associating himself with a predecessor. A Contribution to the Study of the Later Years of Nefertiti.". : Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten… MÄS 46, S. It is generally accepted that the coffin was originally intended for a female and later reworked to accommodate a male. About that time, a significant number of people depart the scene including three of Akhenaten's daughters, his mother and Kiya. If (male) Smenkhkare: unclear, since his family back-ground is unknown. [34][35], All but a few cartouches that are identified with Neferneferuaten include the epithets "...desired of Neferkheperure" and "...desired of Wa en Re." Semenchkare war vermutlich ein altägyptischer König (Pharao) der 18. New CT scans of the KV55 mummy also revealed an age-related degeneration in the spine and osteoarthritis in the knees and legs. Aber auch diese Aussage ist wieder umstritten, denn nach den jüngsten Meldungen des ägyptischen Antikendienstes soll es sich jetzt um einen etwa 45–60-jährigen Mann handeln, wie jüngste CT-Untersuchungen ergeben hätten. Second, the absence of epithets in the cartouche most likely refers to Smenkhkare. 1364-1347 BC) built a new city dedicated to the sun-god, Aten. Carsten Pusch, Albert Zink, Ashraf Selim, Yehia Zakaria et al. Smenkhkare as successor to Neferneferuaten, Homosexuality between Akhenaten and Smenkhkare, sfn error: no target: CITEREFDodson2009 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRidley2019 (. The evidence concerning Smenkhkare is sparse and patchy, and theories about Smenkhkare are built on very unstable foundations. Jedoch gibt es für diese direkte Nachfolgerschaft, ebenso ob Semenchkare überhaupt allein regiert hat, keinen Beleg. [4] Danach waren für das Jahr 2009 DNS-Untersuchungen geplant, um weitere Daten zu gewinnen. So schreibt dazu Christine el Mahdy: „Im Grab des Merire II. It is assumed he was a member of the royal family, likely either a brother or son of the pharaoh Akhenaten. Aldred, Cyril, Akhenaten: King of Egypt ,Thames and Hudson, 1991 (paperback), Miller, J. regierte. Inv.nr. A brother seemed more likely since the age would only be old enough to plausibly father a child at the upper extremes. Beispiele sind „Spaziergang im Garten“ und „Statuenkopf eines Königs“ im Museum Berlin. Diese Funde werden häufig als Belege für diesen König angeführt, jedoch nennen sie alle nicht zusammenhängend explizit den Namen Semenchkare mit seinem Thronnamen, sondern vorwiegend allein den Thronnamen eines Herrschers namens Anch-cheperu-Re. … He only appeared in the record near the end of Akhenaton’s reign. Later, a different set of names emerged using the same: "Ankhkheperure mery Neferkheperure [Akhenaten] Neferneferuaten mery Wa en Re [Akhenaten]". Einzig im Grab von Merire II. So, if Smenkhkare were a male pharaoh, he apparently had an intimate relationship with his predecessor, Akhenaten, and the idea of a homosexual relationship between the two was born, first suggested by Percy Newberry in the 1920s following his analysis of the so-called ‘Pase Stela’, an image of which can be seen here. Die physische Ähnlichkeit von Körper und Schädel mit Tutanchamun und die identische Blutgruppe ließen vermuten, dass es sich hier um die sterblichen Überreste des Echnaton handelt. [20][21], Arguing against the co-regency theory, Allen suggests that Neferneferuaten followed Akhenaten and that upon her death, Smenkhkare ascended as pharaoh. 1334 BC. [20] Auch das feminin-T entfällt oft, so bei Hatschepsut Maat-ka-Re und auch an anderer Stelle bei der Schreibung des Njsw.t-Bj.t-Namens zu Njsw-Bj und ist somit bei Titeln nicht eindeutig als männlich einzuordnen. Egyptian pharaoh. Für sich betrachtet erscheint diese Theorie schlüssig zu sein, woraus schnell eine homosexuelle Verbindung von Echnaton und Semenchkare konstruiert wurde. "An Armchair Excavation of KV 55", Amarna Sunset:the late-Amarna succession revisited, Flinders Petrie, Tell El Amarna - Plate XV, "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family", "News from the Valley of the Kings: DNA Shows that KV55 Mummy Probably Not Akhenaten", Royal Rumpus over King Tutankhamun's Ancestry, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smenkhkare&oldid=1011838032, Pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. It was built in approximately Year 15 and was likely built for a significant event related to him. Very little is known of Smenkhkare for certain because later kings sought to erase the Amarna Period from history. Smenkhkare. And every first-born in the land of Egypt shall die, from the first-born of Pharao that sits on the throne, even to the first-born of the woman-servant that is by the mill, and to the first-born of all cattle. Dynastie haben vor allem Sethos I. und Ramses II. Some speculate that Smenkhkare was actually the wife of Akhenaton, … Akhenaten (meaning Glorious Spirit of Aten) was originally born named Amenhotep (meaning Amen is pleased). Für die Vor-Amarnazeit schreibt Jürgen von Beckerath (Lit. CT scans were also performed on the mummy from which it was concluded that his age at the time of death was much higher than all previous estimates. The skeletonized mummy was examined on a number of occasions over the years, including by Smith (1912), Derry (1931), Harrison (1966), Strouhal (1998/2010) and Filer (2001). This is because of artwork clearly showing Akhenaten in familiar, intimate poses with another pharaoh. It appeared that he had died closer to the age of 40 than 25, as originally thought. The mummy discovered in the tomb rested in a desecrated rishi coffin and the owner's name had been removed. Die Mumienbänder, mit denen sie umwickelt war, trugen den Namen Echnatons (Arthur Weigall). Ankhesenamun (ˁnḫ-s-n-imn, "Her Life Is of Amun"; c. 1348 – after 1322 BC) was a queen of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt.Born as Ankhesenpaaten, she was the third of six known daughters of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten and his Great Royal Wife Nefertiti, and became the Great Royal Wife of her half-brother Tutankhamun. Perhaps the most magnificent was a vast hall more than 125 metres square and including over 500 pillars. Semenchkare heißt er schon im letzten Relief im Grab des Merire II. Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare Djeser Kheperu (sometimes spelled Smenkhare, Smenkare or Smenkhkara) was a short-lived pharaoh in the late 18th dynasty. Das Graffito im Grab des Pa-iri/Pa-wah stammt vom 10. So erscheint in der Königsliste von Abydos im dortigen Tempel von Sethos I. Haremhab als direkter Nachfolger von Amenophis III. [74], The tomb was once again entered some time later, in the 19th, 20th or 21st Dynasty (opinions vary). Bell, M.R. His reign was during the Amarna Period, a time when Akhenaten sought to impose new religious views. We list Smenkhkare as the eleventh pharaoh of Egypt's famous 18th Dynasty, ruling from 1336 until about 1334 BC. [1] His reign was during the Amarna Period, a time when Akhenaten sought to impose new religious views. Wikipedia. They had six daughters and, according to some, one son. The difficulty is that Smenkhkare shares some names with Nefertiti, wife of Akhenaten, and it is possible that Nefertiti was Smenkhkare, as it is not unheard of Ancient Egypt for women to become Pharaohs (e.g., Hatshepsut). Musée du Louvre, Paris. [6][7] Further, Smenkhkare has also been put forth as a candidate for the mummy in KV55. There were no occasions where the 'long' versions of the prenomen occurred alongside the nomen 'Smenkhkare', nor was the ‘short’ version ever found associated with the nomen Neferneferuaten. He has been the object of much speculation by Egyptologists. Bei der Mumie aus KV55 handelt es sich um ein männliches Skelett. The tomb contained funerary objects inscribed with the names of several figures of the Amarna Period, including magic bricks with Akhenaten's name, canopic jars assumed to be for King's Wife Kiya, and a shrine built for Tiye. After their initial rediscovery, Smenkhkare and Neferneferuaten were assumed to be the same person because of their similar royal titularly. Aaron, or Smenkhkare, was pharaoh for a short interim period when Akhenaten was forced to abdicate when he tried to impose only one god (named Aten) on the Egyptians. Tag des III. (Helck: 1324–1319, Rolf Krauss: 1335–1332 v. Dadurch ergibt sich letztlich eine Lücke von bis zu dreieinhalb Jahren für weitere mögliche Könige, die in der ägyptologischen Forschung unterschiedlich besetzt werden. ... King (Akhenaton) and as son born by the Great Royal. "The remains of Pharaoh Akhenaten are not yet identified: comments on 'Biological age of the skeletonized mummy from Tomb KV55 at Thebes (Egypt)' by Eugen Strouhal" in, A. van der Perre, "The Year 16 graffito of Akhenaten in Dayr Abū Ḥinnis. One letter to the JAMA editors came from Arizona State University bioarchaeologist Brenda J. Baker. The simple association of names, particularly on everyday objects, is not conclusive of a co-regency. While it now seems likely that the KV55 mummy is the father of Tutankhamun, for many his identification as Akhenaten seems as doubtful as before. 1403-1364 BC) until the end of the Eighteenth Dynasty of the New Kingdom. Bell suggests that this entry may be related to the reburial of royal mummies and resulted in Tiye being moved to KV35. Egyptologists do not even agree whether he was a man or a woman - although the position that he was a man is traditional, and more common. Further, his name appears only during Akhenaten's reign without certain evidence to attest to a sole reign. Because of this, perhaps no one from the Amarna Interlude has been the subject of so much speculation as Smenkhkare. Folgende Namen werden nach von Beckerath (Lit. "[59] The report goes on to show that both KV55 and KV35 Younger Lady were siblings and children of Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye.[60]. This late addition to the central palace has been known as the Hall of Rejoicing, Coronation Hall, or simply Smenkhkare Hall because a number of bricks stamped, Indisputable images for Smenkhkare are rare. He did not possess the slightest dental pathology and not even the onset of degenerative changes in the spine and joints. Über den Ablauf der Zeit nach Echnaton werden heute folgende Theorien von namhaften Ägyptologen diskutiert: Fraglich ist, welche Funde Semenchkare zugeordnet werden können und seine Stellung als tatsächlichen König belegen. (Helck: 13241319, Rolf Krauss: 13351332 v. kopierten beispielsweise sowohl Nestor L’Hote als auch Achille Prisse-d’Avennes dasselbe Relief in der Hauptkammer. Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare Djeser Kheperu (sometimes spelled Smenkhare, Smenkare or Smenkhkara) was a short lived Pharaoh in the late 18th Dynasty. [74] The mummy itself was relatively unmolested: the wrappings were undisturbed but royal insignia were removed and various gold items were left behind including the gold vulture collar on the head of the mummy. [55][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] Where Filer and Strouhal (below) relied on multiple indicators to determine the younger age, the new study cited one point to indicate a much older age. A wine docket from "the house of Smenkhkare" attests to Regnal Year 1. (Since we know so little about Smenkhkare, he cannot be completely ruled out.)[61]. Bei nicht wissenschaftlich belegten Epochen der ägyptischen Chronologie wird immer wieder auf Manetho verwiesen. Dayr al-Barsha Project; Press Release, Dec. 2012; Hornung, E. "The New Kingdom"', in E. Hornung, R. Krauss, and D. A. Warburton, eds., Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. His names translate as 'Living are the Forms of Re' and 'Vigorous is the Soul of Re - Holy of Forms'. A royal vulture pectoral which was found placed on the head of the KV55 mummy. If so, he is a candidate for father of the prince Tutankhaten, who would eventually become Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Als später die britischen Inschriftenkundler Nina und Norman de Garis Davies die Darstellungen getreulich von den Grabwänden kopierten, setzten sie diese Kartuschen in einer Ecke der Abbildung wieder ein.“ (Lit. When Nefertiti was fifteen years old, she married Amenhotep IV, who was a year older and became king upon his father's death. Bell suggests feelings toward Akhenaten had softened by this time resulting in a "nameless king but still a consecrated pharaoh". [29] Neferneferuaten has since been identified as a female pharaoh who ruled during the Amarna Period and is generally accepted as a separate person from Smenkhkare. The KV55 mummy was also examined by Harris in 1988, but only an abstract of the results was published, and most recently by Hawass, Gad et al. The pharaoh's identity and origin are controversial questions that resulted in numerous unsubstantiated theories. Newberry, P. E. 'Appendix III: Report on the Floral Wreaths Found in the Coffins of Tut.Ankh.Amen' in H. Carter, This page was last edited on 13 March 2021, at 03:27. Funnily enough, that is the only depiction we have of ‘him’. Perhaps the most mysterious figure to come out of the Amarna period was a character known to us now as Smenkhkare, or sometimes Neferneferuaten. In 2010, genetic tests and CT scans were performed with some of the results published in JAMA and reported in National Geographic, including a TV special. For instance, Derry concluded an age of about 23 and Strouhal gave an age range of 19 to 22. : MÄS 46, S. 125): „Manethos Zeitangaben weichen also durchaus nicht von der chronologischen Wirklichkeit ab, sie verdienen Vertrauen, … die aus Manetho gewonnenen Zahlen würden die angegebene Chronologie noch verbessern.“. However, the set of three empty cartouches can only account for the names of a king and queen. Since the KV55 mummy is conclusively a close relative of Tutankhamun, if not his father, why such a haphazard burial? There has been much confusion in identifying artifacts related to Smenkhkare because another pharaoh from the Amarna Period bears the same or similar royal titularly. Chr.) This has been interpreted to mean that Nefertiti may have at one point been something like a coregent as indicated by the crown, but not entitled to full pharaonic honors such as the double cartouche. Die Resultate sind 2010 publiziert worden und deuten sehr stark darauf, dass die Mumie in KV55 Echnaton und nicht Semenchkare ist, da er als Sohn von Teje und Amenophis III. Smenkhkare was husband to Meritaten, the daughter of his likely co-regent, Akhenaten. In Amarna Letter 35, the king of Alashia apologizes to Akhenaten for his small greeting gift of copper, explaining that a plague had killed off many of his copper miners. And for a long time the only thing that makes me allow in my own mind for two individuals is that depiction with Meritaten in Meryre’s tomb. 14th century BC (statement with Gregorian date earlier than 1584) Date of death. He was never properly mummified, final insurance if he were truly a god. A growing body of work soon began to appear to dispute the assessment of the age of the mummy and the identification of KV55 as Akhenaten. Line drawings of a block depicting the nearly complete names of King Smenkhkare and Meritaten as Great Royal Wife were recorded before the block was lost. [17] The names of the king have since been cut out but were recorded around 1850 by Karl Lepsius. It may simply be that they ran out of tombs or time. But surely indeed to fight against that persuasion! Because of this, perhaps no one from the Amarna Interlude has been the s… Aidan Dodson suggests that Smenkhkare did not have a sole reign and only served as Akhenaten's co-regent for about a year around Regnal Year 13. She was born in around 1348 BC in the city of Thebes. Kein König der 18. Das Gesicht der Mumienmaske war stark zerstört, und die Kartusche auf dem Brustschmuck war leider herausgeschnitten. Smenkhkare's origins Nearly the biggest mystery associated with Smenkhkare was where he came from. Believed by a growing number of experts to be the mummy found in KV55, he is thought to be a younger son of Amenhotep III and queen Tiye, and therefore a younger … Read more on Wikipedia. The boy could very well be Akhenaten's older brother Prince Thutmose or even Smenkhkare given that the KV35 ladies are now known to be related to Tutankamun.[66]. Anyway, if Smenkhkare was buried in the coffin of KV55, he is more likely to have really existed, but we could assume easily that he was not buried in a proper way as the 11th pharaoh of the the 18th dynasty. in Amarna, wo er mit der Großen königlichen Gemahlin Meritaton dargestellt sein soll, allerdings sind die Kartuschen völlig zerstört. Allen notes that the everyday interaction portrayed in them more likely indicates two living people.[21]. Dynastie (Neues Reich), welcher etwa von 1336–1333 v. Chr. Whatever happened was too abrupt for the completion of the scene featuring Smenkhkare.For the time being, I hold to the theory that Tutankhamen was born to Akhenaten and Nefertiti at Akhetaten not long after Year 12 and that he is the infant shown in the royal tomb on the occasion of the funeral of Princess Meketaten, the second daughter. In Beckerath (Lit. Jahr seiner Regierung, Tutanchamun wiederum in seinem 10. Upload media. And the cartouche of Nefertiti hadn't substituted by Ankhtkheperure Neferneferuaten, but by Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten. Left alone in a tomb with few of the trappings of the typical Ancient Egyptian burial, the KV55 mummy appears to be not so much buried as disposed of. Serological tests on the KV55 remains and Tutankhamun's mummy were performed and published in Nature (1974). She concluded:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, The human remains from Tomb 55, as presented to me, are those of a young man who had no apparent abnormalities and was no older than his early twenties at death and probably a few years younger.[54]. These both explicitly refer to Akhenaten as "Neferkheperure" was his throne name and he used the epithet "Wa en Re. „Semenchkare“ müsste er aber hier geschrieben sein, denn nach gängiger Meinung hat er sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt schon lange umbenannt! Very little is known of Smenkhkare for certain because later kings sought to erase the Amarna Period from history. [56] The serological tests indicated KV55 and Tutankhamun shared the same rare blood type. Ankhesenamun grew up in this new city and being from the royal family, she had a very rich and royal upbringing. Gleiches scheint für den Sarg zu gelten, der heute nach Restaurierung des Sargdeckels für Echnatons Sarg gehalten wird. Less certain, but much more impressive is the. A compound bow (Carter 48h) and the mummy bands (Carter 256b) were both reworked for Tutankhamun. Wente had noted that the mummies of both Tutankamun and KV55 bore a very strong craniofacial similarity to the mummy of Thutmose IV, yet this mummy was not tested. [32] Typically, throne names in Ancient Egypt tended to be unique. 113.) Smenkhkare (sometimes erroneously spelled Smenkhare or Smenkare and meaning Vigorous is the Soul of Ra) was an ephemeral Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh (1335-1333 BCE) of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, of whom very little is known for certain. [5] Inscriptions mention a King's Daughter named Meritaten Tasherit, who may be the daughter of Meritaten and Smenkhkare. Filer's conclusions were largely representative of the pre-2010 examinations, noting "...this man was not quite a fully mature adult, between 18 and 21 years when he died." When the two pharaohs were still considered the same, male person, theories arose that Smenkhkare and Akhenaten were homosexual lovers or even married. I don't think it means anything. [14] However, James Peter Allen depicts Smenkhkare as successor to Neferneferuaten[15] and Marc Gabolde has suggested that after Smenkhkare's reign, Meritaten succeeded him as Neferneferuaten. With the age discrepancy thus resolved, we could conclude that the KV55 mummy, the son of Amenhotep III and Tiye and the father of Tutankhamun, is almost certainly Akhenaten. These were largely in keeping with the previous results (18–26 years) allowing for the technologies available. [18] Additionally, a calcite "globular vase" from Tutankhamun's tomb displays the full double cartouches of both pharaohs. Die Amarnazeit sieht dieser Autor „verfälscht, weitgehend durch das Eindringen volkstümlicher Erzählungen, … die Herrschaft von Ausländern und Gottesfeinden sowie die Errettung durch einen jungen Pharao“ und „dass der Übergang zwischen den beiden Dynastien (18./19.) Because of this shrine, Davis referred to KV55 as the Tomb of Queen Tiye. Smenkhkare would be in a particularly bad situation. Dynastie (Neues Reich), welcher etwa von 13361333 v. Chr. in 2010. "[36], Ten years later, James Peter Allen pointed out the name 'Ankhkheperure' nearly always included an epithet referring to Akhenaten such as 'desired of Wa en Re' when coupled with 'Neferneferuaten'. Die fehlenden Jahre zwischen den Pharaonen Echnaton, Semenchkare und Tutanchamun wurden einfach der Regierungszeit Haremhabs zugerechnet, der somit eine Regentschaft von 59 Jahren hätte. Eugen Strouhal streitet sogar ab, dass diese Wirbelsäulenveränderung überhaupt feststellbar sei. [15] After Neferneferuaten's short rule of two or three years, accoridng to Allen, Smenkhkare became pharaoh. Akhenaton (rappeur) Akhenaton (rappeur) 1 Akhenaton (rappeur) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Akhénaton (homonymie). drei Jahre Mitregent von, Semenchkare wurde durch seine Heirat mit Meritaton (älteste Tochter Echnatons) legitimer Nachfolger Echnatons und überlebte seinen Vorgänger um 1–5 Jahre (, Meritaton wird Echnatons Nachfolgerin, heiratet Semenchkare, der durch diese Heirat den Thron erbt (, Semenchkare ist mit Nofretete identisch (, Semench-ka-Re djeser-cheperu, ohne Kartusche.

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